Primary Exploration on the Mechanism of the Anti-Infection E

INTRODUCTION
Clinical practice has revealed that MEBO has a remarkable anti-infection effect [1]. During the period May to June 1992, fourteen burns cases were treated in the Burns Department, Affiliated Hospital of this college, and bacteria isolated from the burns wounds were examined. We found that Bacillus proteus had the morphological Hauch-ohne Hauch (H-O) variation, and the plasma coagulation ability of S. aureus decreased. In order to investigate the mechanism of the anti-infection effect of MEBO, we studied the biological variability of some common bacteria, such as Bacillus proteus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus, cultured in medium containing a certain amount of MEBO. The effect of MEBO on non-specific immunity in vivo was also observed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinical data
During the period from May to June 1992, 14 cases of burns were treated with MEBO (hospitalized for 4 - 20 days). Swab samples were taken from the upper and lower (contact with wound) layers of the MEBO ointment, before changing the dressing. Bacteria were isolated and cultured.

Reagents, Bacterium Species and Culture
Antibiotic sensitivity test paper and nutrient agar were purchased from Shanghai Medical Chemistry Institute. B. proteus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus were prepared in our department.

The four above bacteria were cultured on ordinary culture medium and medium containing different concentrations of MEBO, respectively, and continuously transferred to 10~15 generations. Each generation of the bacteria was checked. The biological characteristic and drug sensitivity of bacteria were examined.

Animal Experiment
Forty healthy adult mice of both sexes weighing 20~24 g were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. blank control group (group 1), liquid paraffin control group (group 2) and MEBO group (group 3). Animals in groups 2 and 3 were depilated (2.5  2.5 cm) on their backs and liquid paraffin or MEBO was applied on the depilated area. The frequency was twice a day for 10 successive days. On the 11th day, the mice were sacrificed and abdominal cavity fluids were sampled 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of 2% sheep erythrocytes.

Observation Indexes
Bacteria Variation. The four bacteria were cultured and transformed, 18 - 24 h as one generation. The dynamics of every generation of the bacteria was observed under a dark-field microscope. The bacteria were stained with the G method to observe the staining reaction and morphological characteristic. The colony features, biochemical reactions, and the ability of plasma coagulation were also examined.

Nucleoplasm Staining.  The 7th generation of B. proteus was smeared, fixed with the vapor of 1% molybdic acid solution, hydrolyzed DNA with 1% hydrochloric acid for 15 min, then stained with Löffler’s methylene blue and observed.

Antibiotic Drug Sensitivity Test: The four bacteria were cultured on ordinary agar medium and medium containing 20 % of MEBO, respectively. Drug sensitivity test paper of eight kinds of antibiotics, i.e. gentamycin, neomycin, erythromycin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloromycetin and polymyxin, were stuck on the medium, respectively, and observed after 24 h. The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was measured [2].

Determination of Phagocytic Function of the Intraperitoneal Phagocytes. The abdominal cavity fluids were smeared and stained with Wright’s method. The percentage of phagocytes was determined [3].

Determination of Lysozyme Activity in Abdominal Cavity Fluid and Serum. The agar plate method was used: 2 ml of Micrococcus solution (91010/ml) were added to 1 % agar at 70oC, then after mixing well, this was poured into a Petri dish. After cooling, holes (3 mm in diameter) were bored into the substance. Mice serum from 3 groups was added to the holes in one set of Petri dishes and abdominal cavity fluid was added to the holes in another set of Petri dishes. These were incubated at 37oC for 24 h. The diameter of the bacteriolytic ring was measured [4].

Total Number and Classification of Leukocytes in Pperipheral Blood. Blood samples from the tails were taken from 3 groups of mice. Leukocytes were counted, stained with Wright’s method and classification was determined.

RESULTS
1) Species and Variation of Bacteria Isolated from Burns Wounds

Table 42 shows that after treatment with MEBO, B. proteus in the wounds had H-O morphological variation. S. aureus in the wounds turned from positive plasma coagulase to negative, or the plasma coagulating ability decreased.

2) Bacteriostasis of MEBO
Eight species of bacteria, i.e., S. aureus, S. albus, E. Coli, B. proteus, P. aeruginosa, B. typhosus, B. paratyphoid A and B. dysenteriae, were cultured in simple agar dishes. The scraps of MEBO filter paper were pasted on the bacterial surface of streak plating. The results showed that MEBO had no direct bacteriostasis or bactericidal action.

3) Effect of MEBO on Bacterial Biological Characteristics
Effect of MEBO on B. proteus Biological Features. B. proteus was cultured for several generations on medium containing certain amounts of MEBO. We noted that

the motility of the bacteria gradually decreased before finally vanishing. Also, we noted that H-O variation occurred. The 7th generation of the bacteria

became long and filamentous. In culture medium containing 25 % MEBO, 90 % of the bacteria became long filamentous or long rod, and then became small

bacillus. Dark pigments appeared, colonies became small and the bacteria grew very slowly. The decomposition activity of the bacteria to glucose and lactic

acid was retarded (Table 43; Fig. 15). The effect of MEBO on H antigen of B. proteus is shown in Table 44.